COVID-19 continues to impact health and disrupt wellness routines2,3

From October 2023 through September 2024, approximately
33 million people in the US had COVID-19 associated illness.4

Proactively protecting yourself today may help reduce your risk of getting COVID-19.1,5

Many Americans chose not to get vaccinated6,7

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), from 2024-20256:

1 in 4 adults

Only ~1 in 4 adults 18+ received a COVID-19 vaccine*

1 in 3 adults

Only ~1 in 3 immunocompromised adults 65+ received a COVID-19 vaccine†

  • From September 2024 to May 2025, data were collected from adults aged 18 years and older through telephone interviews. Researchers made sure to choose participants from each state individually so that every state was represented in the survey and also included the District of Columbia, 5 local jurisdictions—Bexar County, TX; Chicago, IL; Houston, TX; New York City, NY; and Philadelphia County, PA as well as Puerto Rico and the US Virgin Islands. All responses were self-reported. For more information about the survey, see https://www.cdc.gov/nis/about/index.html.6
  • This data was collected from people who were enrolled in Medicare Parts A and B for 365 days before the data collection period started. The information was based on Medicare claims data from August 2024 to January 2025. Additional data on how many people got the vaccine, by season, race, and ethnicity can be found at: https://www.cdc.gov/covidvaxview/weekly-dashboard/adults-65yrs-older-vaccination.html.6

Concern about serious side effects was a main reason for not receiving the 2023-24 COVID-19 vaccine7

Based on a national survey by the CDC of about 2,700 people from June 7 through July 1, 2024:

20%

Concerned about serious/unknown side effects

~13%

Not concerned about getting infected

10%

Chose not to get any vaccine

~9%

No time/did not get around to it

~7%

Don’t trust government

According to the same survey, for other common respiratory diseases like the Flu and RSV, the main reasons for not getting vaccinated included7:

FLU

~20%

Not concerned about getting infected

~16%

Chose not to get
any vaccine

RSV

~16%

Did not have enough knowledge about it

14%

Had not spoken to their doctors about it

RSV, respiratory syncytial virus.

More Information About This CDC Survey

Researchers conducted a survey of U.S. adults to understand why some people did not get COVID-19, flu, or RSV vaccines during the 2023-2024 fall and winter seasons. The survey was completed by adults from two national online panels that were designed to represent the U.S. population. Responses were collected between June 7 and July 1, 2024. Adults age 18 and older were included, while RSV-related questions were only asked of adults age 60 and older. Participants reported whether they had received COVID-19, flu, or RSV vaccines. Those who had not been vaccinated were asked about their main reason for not getting the vaccine, along with other factors that influenced their decision. The survey also measured people's knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs about vaccines.7

COVID-19 vaccines may not be as effective in immunocompromisedimmuno-compromised adults over the age of 658

Based on 2024-2025 estimates, vaccine effectiveness ranged from about
9% to 40% depending on the amount of time since vaccination.8

VISION is the name of a large health data network that uses electronic medical records from more than 300 emergency and urgent care centers and over 200 hospitals in several states. Researchers looked at adults age 65 and older to see how well the 2024-2025 COVID-19 vaccine worked. They compared people who tested positive for COVID-19 (cases) to people who tested negative (controls). Vaccine effectiveness was estimated by comparing people who received the vaccine with those who did not, including when they received the vaccine, and looking at differences between the groups.8

Actor Portrayal

Understand COVID-19 Protection Options

Consider prevention strategies to help protect yourself from COVID-19.1,5

Exploring COVID-19 prevention options in immunocompromised people

Actor Portrayal

Understand COVID-19 Protection Options

Consider prevention strategies to help protect yourself from COVID-19.1,5

Exploring COVID-19 prevention options in immunocompromised people

Monoclonal Antibody9,10

Blue Divider
antibody icon

Monoclonal antibodies are similar to natural antibodies in providing protection against viruses.

Once administered, they can help fight viruses by working similarly to your body's natural infection-fighting response.

Delivers antibodies directly to you to help fight viruses without relying on your immune system to make antibodies.

Antibodies are available to you soon after they are given.

Vaccine11

Blue Divider
vaccination needle icon

Vaccines work by imitating an infection.

After vaccination, your immune system learns to produce antibodies that can help protect you if you are exposed to the virus in the future.

Relies on your immune system to learn how to produce antibodies to fight off a virus.

Vaccines usually take days to weeks for your immune system to produce antibodies to help your body build protection.

Additional Options

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masks icon

Additional preventative options may be available (e.g., practicing proper hygiene, wearing a mask, etc.).1

Ask Your Doctor

Talking with a doctor is an important first step for you to understand COVID-19 protection options.

Resources

Download IconDownload COVID-19 Brochure
CDC: People with Certain Medical Conditions and COVID-19 Risk Factors

Links provided lead to external websites and are provided as a courtesy for informational purposes only.

References

ACIP, Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices; CDC, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019

  1. CDC. COVID-19: How to Protect Yourself and Others. Accessed February 3, 2026. https://www.cdc.gov/covid/prevention/index.html
  2. CDC. Human Coronavirus Types. Accessed June 26, 2026. https://www.cdc.gov/human-coronaviruses/php/types/index.html
  3. CDC. Preliminary Estimates of COVID-19 Burden. Accessed July 27, 2026. https://www.cdc.gov/covid/php/surveillance/burden-estimates.html
  4. Koumans EHA et al. JAMA Intern Med. 2026;186(3):321-330
  5. CDC. Preventing respiratory illnesses. Accessed March 10, 2026. https://www.cdc.gov/respiratory-viruses/prevention/index.html
  6. Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices meeting; September 19, 2025.
  7. CDC. Reasons for non-vaccination with COVID-19, influenza, and RSV vaccines during the 2023-24 respiratory virus season. Accessed May 7, 2026. https://www.cdc.gov/respvaxview/publications/reasons-for-nonvaccination-2023-24.html
  8. Wiegand RE, Payne AB, Mak J, et al. Estimated Effectiveness of 2024-2025 COVID-19 Vaccines in Adults. JAMA Intern Med. Published online June 15, 2026. doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2026.1936
  9. Lloyd EC, Gandhi TN, Petty LA. Monoclonal Antibodies for COVID-19. JAMA. 2021;325(10):1015. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.1225
  10. Cowan J, Amson A, Christofides A, Chagla Z. Monoclonal antibodies as COVID-19 prophylaxis therapy in immunocompromised patient populations. Int J Infect Dis. 2023;134:228-238. doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2023.06.021
  11. CDC. Explaining how vaccines work. Accessed December 18, 2025. https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/basics/explaining-how-vaccines-work.html